Стратегії і тактики в емоційному мовленні

Abstract

The article discusses the linguistic phenomena of solidarity, accusation and intimidation in an emotional speech as communicative strategies. It analyzes a series of interviews with politicians in terms of their use of certain linguistic means, stylistic devices that express the emotional stress of communicants. Any participant in a situation of communication acts according to his or her plans, intentions with the aim to achieve goals set: exchange of information, impact, expression of emotional and psychological state, reaching agreement or not. It means that a speaker forms his or her communicative strategy revealed via a series of tactics in communication. Communicative strategy is closely linked to realization of illocutionary senses. Communicative strategy is a component of heuristic intentional programme of planning discourse, its development and management with the aim or reaching a cooperative result, effectiveness in information exchange and impact. It is difficult to doubt the fact that any communicative strategy is realized by communicative tactics. Communicative tactics is a specific technique of realizing intentional and strategic programme of communication, subject to communicative strategy. In this article we discuss identification of such communicative tactics that political leaders turn to in the process of speech interaction and the choice of which is motivates by the emotional state of a politician: tactics of presenting an emotion, tactics of a comparison, favourable to the speaker, with an opponent, tactics of solidarity, tactics of illustrating a politician’s positive personal experience, tactics of accusing opponents, tactics of intimidation, tactics of ironical tone, tactics of avoiding a direct response. In our opinion these tactics are aimed at realization of two primary strategies: strategy of self-presentation (from the best perspective) and strategy of discrediting opponents. Closer attention in this article is devoted to the tactics of solidarity, accusation and intimidation. According to our observations the tactics of solidarity implies unification of a politician with other people – party members, like-minded people, common people, the country. Different stylistic devices form the core of this strategy, i.e. nominative sentences, repetitions, parallel constructions. The tactics of accusation lies in stating negative figures or results of opponents. Very often figures and statistics are given. This tactics is based on such stylistic devices as antithesis, emphasis, syntactical parallelism, use of modal verbs to express regret about something that never happened, direct accusations of lying as well. The tactics of intimidation is another technique based on negative emotions experienced, mostly irritation and hurt. In our opinion lexeme risk is used very often to denote that somebody or something poses danger to a country or society from the point of view of a politician.