Abstract
The paper presents the results of studies of the influence of the degree of humification of peat on the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of composite thermal insulation materials. Peat samples were taken from a deposit in Totemsky district of the Vologda region from depths of 0.5 and 2 m. Highland peat (from a depth of 0.5 m) has a low degree of decomposition - 14...16 %, lowland peat (from a depth of 2 m) has a degree of decomposition of 39 %. The physicochemical analysis of the studied peat samples was carried out. The chemical composition of the water extract and the characteristics of peat are determined by gravimetric, titrimetric, ionometric, photoelectrocolorimetric methods of analysis. The results of the analysis showed that, depending on the depth, peat has the following characteristics: the moisture content of highland peat is 41.8...42.1 %, lowland peat - 54.21...54.23 %; the content of organic substances in the highland peat is 81.72...81.75%, in the lowland peat - 88.18...88.21%; the ash content of highland peat is 18.25...18.28%, lowland peat - 11.79...11.82%. Based on peat samples, heat-insulating mixture samples were created containing: 30...50% highland peat, 25...45% lowland peat, acting as a natural heat insulator and binder; 5% undecomposed plant residues acting as a binder; 10% peat extract containing resinous and sugary fractions and 10% organosilicon polymer (OSP) brand KS-12 to increase the strength characteristics. After cooling the finished composite heat-insulating mixtures, their characteristics were studied, namely: average density (Fig. a), thermal conductivity coefficient (Fig. b), compressive strength (Fig. c) and ignition temperature (Fig. d). The research results showed that an increase in the proportion of highland peat (with a low degree of decomposition) in the mixture leads to a decrease in the average density from 238 to 229 kg/m3, a decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient from 0.048 to 0.042 W/mK, a decrease in the compressive strength from 1.47 mPa to 1.17 mPa and a decrease in the ignition temperature from 748 to 690 °C.
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