Обоснование методов расчёта электрических нагрузок системы жизнеобеспечения пострадавшего населения и спасательных формирований при полевом размещении

Abstract

Introduction. Over the past twenty years, the most severe natural and man-made disasters have occurred in various regions of the country and the world, as a result of which people were deprived of housing. The increase in the number, scale and duration of the consequences of emergencies related to the violation of the conditions of normal living of people requires the creation of temporary field accommodation points for the affected population, which create and serve rescue formations. At the same time, in the complex of tasks aimed at the life support of the population and rescue units in field temporary accommodation facilities, their electric power supply plays an important role. However, the established practice of calculating the electrical loads of stationary objects by methods based on data on separate electrical receivers makes it difficult to determine them for a field temporary location of people due to the lack of reliable information on its electrical receivers, which leads to significant errors in calculations, irrational composition of the electrical supply system and the use of its elements against the background of restrictions in the use of local energy resources and infrastructure facilities, which themselves may experience difficulties with reliable power supply due to the limited capacity of local power systems. The purpose of the study. Electric power supply and electric power safety of field temporary accommodation points of the affected population and rescue units, ensuring the required reliability of electric power supply, maximizing its efficiency in conditions of possible resource constraints and minimizing the influence of the uncertainty factor when planning power consumption. Research methods. The main provisions of the calculation of electrical loads, systems theory, set theory, probability theory and the apparatus of mathematical statistics. The results of the study. A methodology has been developed that allows to justify the power consumption of a temporary field accommodation facility for people, while the construction of its life support power supply system is carried out in accordance with the available consumers, taking into account their composition, area and other factors affecting the organization of the power supply system and the construction of consumers. Conclusion. The scientific and methodological approach to the choice of methods for calculating the electrical loads of the life support system of the affected population and rescue units during field deployment is substantiated, which also allows to resolve the contradiction between the need to organize the power supply of their life support and the lack of reasonable standards of power consumption of life support facilities and methods of their calculation. Key words: temporary field accommodation, life support, electric energy consumers, electric power supply, organization.