ВИДИ КОМЕНТАРІВ ДО ЧИТАННЯ ХУДОЖНІХ ТЕКСТІВ У НАВЧАННІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЯК ІНОЗЕМНОЇ

Abstract

The article summarizes the methodological value of the use of artistic texts in the process of studying Ukrainian as a foreign language; points out the importance of taking into account the criteria for their selection; the stages of elaboration of the text are highlighted. One of the important aspects of reading an artistic work in a foreign language audience is that it is the original, authentic, product and language aesthetic mark of national culture, and therefore difficult to perceive. A way to facilitate reading and understanding is to comment. Commentary is an oral or written remark related to the interpretation, explanation of a word or statement, with additional information or remarks. The need for comment, its character and type depend on the text itself. The artistic text has its own historical background, the language of that time period, reflects artistically meaningfulness. In the analysis of the text, all the text realities must be taken into account: the subtext, the context, the paratext (the author's biography, time, place of action, information on the appearance of the work, its role in the development of literature). The easiest way to divide comments on the commentary is linguistic and stylistic. Scientists used the term country-specific comment. This commentary explains out-language phenomena, national verbal images. The commentary that interpreted the socio-cultural realities was named real, domestic, and social. In the method of teaching the language as a foreign language, the concept of linguistic-ethnographic commentary that reflects the close connection between language and culture is functioning actively. For commentary, the following groups of vocabulary are chosen: 1) without equivalence, 2) background and 3) connotative. Ukrainian researchers call these linguistic units language-oriented, vocabulary with national-cultural content, linguistic cultures. The commentary on the artistic text, which is presented directly and unambiguously, is called pragmatic; if the information is correlated with something explained by related things, such a comment is called projective. There is the term comprehensive linguistic-ethnographic commentary, which combines all kinds of comments (linguistic-historical, historical commentary on historical and literary facts, reflecting the social, cultural and historical context of the era, etc.). Different forms of comments are considered in the article. The educational-methodical materials for reading Ukrainian artistic texts are analyzed and examples of comments on linguistic and ethnological difficulties are given. Key words: reading as a type of speech activity, artistic text, commentary, types of commentary, complex linguistic and ethnographic commentary.