«Дворянское гнездо» или «Лиза»: к вопросу о рецепции романа И. С. Тургенева английскими читателями

Abstract

Ten years after publishing A Nest of the Gentlefolk in Sovremennik in 1859, an English translation of the novel appeared prepared by English researcher and translator William Ralston Shedden-Ralston. The scholar was particularly interested in Russian literature and contributed a lot to its popularity in England. He translated the works of Ivan Krylov, Nikolay Nekrasov, Alexander Ostrovsky and Ivan Turgenev who was the constant addressee of his letters. Getting permission to translate and publish A Nest of the Gentlefolk in English, Ralston was very careful with the original text and stayed in touch with the author in debatable or hard moments in the book. He even sent the full version for Turgenev to check and edit before publication. In general, the translation turned out very accurate though some moments were still missing from it. But nevertheless one significant change was made. The new title — Liza — was doomed to offer new interpretations of Turgenev’s work. Highly praising the novel, the critics, however, shifted the focus on female character and the love story which was destroyed by the religious feelings of the character. They saw the possible threat of human happiness in Liza’s appeal to God which differed greatly from the Russian interpretation of her action. The present article is dedicated to the analysis of British and American lifetime critic reviews on the novel A Nest of the Gentlefolk where their unique understanding of Turgenev’s work expressed.