ОЦЕНКА ПРИЕМОВ БИОЛОГИЗАЦИИ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН

Abstract

An assessment is made of various methods of biologization of agriculture (green manure, incorporation of straw, perennial grasses, the use of biological products) in the conditions of the Cis-Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The aim of the work was to study the effect of biologization techniques on the balance of dry organic matter entering the soil. In the course of research for various types of crop rotations, an assessment was made of the impact of the use of green manure, perennial grasses and straw incorporation on the indicators of dry organic matter entering the soil. It was found that with the use of biologization methods in crop rotations, it is possible to achieve a positive balance of dry organic matter in the soil at the level of 0.81-2.01 t/ha, while in the absence of the use of such methods in grain fallow and grain fallow crop rotations, the balance was negative. To assess the effect of biological products on the intake of dry organic substances, a biological product based on the endophytic bacterium Bacillus mojavensis PS17 was used. The use of a biological preparation made it possible not only to increase the yield of spring wheat, but also to increase the flow of dry organic matter into the soil. The increase in the intake of dry organic substances into the soil in the variants with a biological product is ensured by stimulating the growth of wheat roots and straw. Due to this, the positive balance of dry organic matter in the soil increased by 1.88-2.35 times in comparison with the control. The best results were obtained with the complex use of biological preparations for seed treatment and spraying of plants during the growing season. The necessity of including the studied techniques in biologized farming systems for the Republic of Tatarstan is shown.