Продуктивність п’ятипільних сівозмін зони достатнього зволоження Правобережного Лісостепу

Abstract

Goal. To assess the direction of the nature of changes in the productivity of 5-field crop rotations and to determine their energy efficiency on the podzolized chornozem of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe under the influence of the crop rotation factor and fertilizer systems. Methods. Field, laboratory, quantitative, comparative calculation, mathematical and statistical. Results. It was established that the total productivity of crop rotations depended on the share of grain, technical and fodder crops, and applied fertilizer systems. The output of grain units from 1 ha of the crop rotation area for 80–100% crop rotation saturation with grain crops was 5.95–9.10 t, for 40–60% saturation with technical crops — 5.89–9.01 t, for 40–60% saturation with fodder crops — 6.06–8.40 t, the coefficient of energy efficiency — 3.31–8.39 standard units. The largest harvest of grain units (9.43 tons) was provided by crop rotation with 20% of perennial leguminous grasses, 60% of cereals, and 20% of sugar beets under the organo-mineral fertilizer system. The coefficient of energy efficiency was 6.63 standard units. Conclusions. In conditions of sufficient moisture of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe on podzolized chernozems, during the development of the structure of the sown areas of the crop rotation, it is necessary to take into account the ratio between different groups of crops, which will ensure an increase in the efficiency of agriculture. During the current energy crisis, it is advisable to correct crop rotations in the direction of saturating crop production with «energy-cheap» crops.