Інформативність неінвазивної діагностики мікроелементозів тварин

Abstract

Introduction. The diagnosis of animal microelementosis involves a multi-elemental blood test and requires the selection of a significant amount of biological material. This often causes stress among animals and leads to lower productivity. The question of the influence of the biogeochemical zone of Ukraine on the content of chemical elements in animal hair, taking into account the keeping technology and colour of samples is insufficiently studied. The search for new methods of diagnosis of microelementosis using non-invasive methods and assessment of their informativity is a promising direction of veterinary medicine. The methods. The research was carried out at farms of Chernihiv region (north-eastern biogeochemical zone), Kirovograd region (central biogeochemical zone) and Kyiv region (north-eastern and central biogeochemical zones). The study tested the content of elements in hair by the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) using Optima 210 DV device. The content of zinc, aluminium, copper, nickel, chrome and cobalt in the cow and sow hair in the north-eastern and central biogeochemical zones of Ukraine depending on the colour of the samples (black, red, white) and livestock technology was investigated. The correlation between the content of the elements in animal hair and blood was researched. The results. The concentration of elements in cow hair in the northeastern biogeochemical zone of Ukraine was determined: zinc 199,48±22,34 mg / kg, copper 5,88±0,40 mg / kg, cobalt 0,13±0,05 mg / kg, nickel 2,35±0,69 mg / kg and chrome 4,97±1,03 mg / kg. The content of the trace elements in cow hair in the central biogeochemical zone is: zinc 203,4±26,47 mg / kg, copper 14,76±1,76 mg / kg, cobalt 0,16±0,10 mg / kg, nickel 0,78±0,30 mg / kg and chrome 0,88±0,20 mg / kg. It was found out that the concentration of elements in sow hair in the northeastern biogeochemical zone is: zinc 175,87±8,39 mg / kg, copper 19,30±0,95 mg / kg, aluminium 3,76±0,35 mg / kg, nickel 0,18±0,05 mg / kg and chrome 0,019±0,001 mg / kg. In sow hair of the central biogeochemical zone the content of the elements is: zinc 268,93±0,004 mg / kg, copper 36,04±0,13 mg / kg, aluminium 7,40±0,66 mg / kg, nickel 0,24±0,06 mg / kg and chrome 0,012±0,001 mg / kg. A considerable correlation between the aluminium content in cow hair and blood was found out. It was moderate for zinc, weak for copper, nickel and chrome. A considerable correlation between chrome content and copper, a weak correlation for zinc, aluminium and nickel in sow hair and blood was determined. Discussion In cow hair from the farms located in the central biogeochemical zone, concentration of copper was detected in 2.5 times higher, chrome was in 5.6 times lower, and nickel was in 3 times lower, compared with the corresponding indices of animals from the farms located in the northeastern biogeochemical zone of Ukraine. In the samples of black hair content of aluminium was found to be in 2.3 times lower and cobalt was in 7.5 times higher, compared with the samples of white colour and coper content was in 2.3 times lower in comparison with the samples of red colour. In sow hair from the farms located in the central biogeochemical zone concentration of zinc was detected in 1.53 times higher, aluminum was twice higher, copper was in 1.87 times lower and chrome content was in 1.58 times lower compared with the corresponding indices of sows in the north-eastern biogeochemical zones and a significant correlation between chrome (r = 0.60) and copper (r = -0.53) in cow hair and blood was defined. The development and application of non-invasive methods microelementosis diagnostics in veterinary medicine is promising, namely the content of elements in hair. The question of the informativity of the complex diagnosis of productive animals microelementosis in different biogeochemical zones of Ukraine needs a further research.