Особливості психологічної підготовки спортсменів у передзмагальний період

Abstract

The training process is a constantly developing system that needs constant improvement. The effectiveness of the training process depends on many factors, such as: the athlete's psychological preparation, the trainer's qualifications, the athlete's motivation, training conditions, and material and technical support. Psychological preparation of athletes for competitions is a component of general training. It is aimed at the formation and development of psychological qualities necessary for achieving high results in sports activities. Training of professional sportsmen is carried out on the basis of a system of principles: focus on achieving the maximum result; in-depth specialization and taking into account the individual characteristics of the athlete; unity of general and special training; continuity of the training process; the unity of the gradual and maximal increase of training loads; undulation of load dynamics; cyclical training process; unity of physical, technical, tactical, psychological and theoretical training; scientific and methodological support of the training process; control and correction of the training process. The components of the training process are proposed: physical training, technical training, tactical training, psychological training, theoretical training. The study of individual psychological characteristics of the training process, which allow to understand the psychological characteristics of athletes, is of great importance; make it possible to develop effective methods of psychological training of athletes; contribute to improving the performance of athletes. Failure to take into account individual psychological features during the training process of athletes can lead to a decrease in motivation, loss of self-confidence, increased anxiety, loss of concentration and reduced stress resistance. The psychological features of a football player’s/football player’s training activities include: the formation of the player’s confidence in his own abilities, which is formed under the influence of successful and unsuccessful match results, the direct actions of the player or the player in the match, perception and understanding of the situation (game pattern) during the match, logical thinking under the time of a football match, sudden decision-making on a situation that arose during the game, correct understanding of the task set before the player, and the ways and considerations of the solution, the attitude of the coach to the football player, the level of development of cognitive abilities (introspection, planning, goal setting). The psychological features of the training activity of the male and female players depends on the correctness and accuracy of the tasks during training (in the pre-competition period) and their implementation (application, skillful use/application of the coach's instructions/instructions) directly during the football match. The emotional state of a football player can be positively influenced by external factors - the advice of an experienced coach or sports psychologist. In the professional activity of a sports psychologist, there are methods of multi-stage training correction of the athlete's pre-start emotional states, methods of instructions that take into account the trends of modern sports, correction of emotional states by the method of sports coaching, etc. Peculiarities of psychological training of professional soccer players include: mental training, stress management, motivation to achieve sports results, communication interaction. Psychological preparation helps professional football players to optimize their level of preparation for competitions and achieve better results.