Аналитический обзор зарубежных публикаций по проблемам подготовки в футболе

Abstract

The achievements of Russian football players at the present stage are quite far in their rating positions from the level of the leading countries. In this regard, the problem of optimizing various aspects of the preparation of football players at all stages of the long-term training process does not lose its relevance. An analysis of the experience of training foreign football players, reflected in research works and publications of scientists and specialists, can help expand the information field on the construction and implementation of physical, technical and tactical training, medical and biological support for the training of football players of different skill levels. The aim of the study is an analytical review of the direction and content of foreign scientific publications on the problems of training in football. The research methods are: analysis of foreign scientific publications, generalization, systematization, induction, synthesis. The analysis of publications by foreign researchers allows us to note a significant number of serious works carried out by teams of authors that are specialists in various fields of sports science (pedagogical, physiological, psychological, biomechanical), which provides an integrated approach to the development of scientific and methodological support in football. Most of the studies covered in the publications of foreign authors were carried out using apparatus methods and sophisticated equipment, which allows monitoring biomechanical characteristics, the amount of effort, the power of work; tracking quantitative indicators of the volume of various actions, distances covered by a football player during movements in the game, indicators the functional state of the players. Summarizing the content of foreign scientific publications made it possible to determine the ways for further scientific and methodological support to optimize the training process in football: (1) in terms of technical and tactical training: expanding the implementation of methods of biomechanical analysis of movements; standardization of diagnostic procedures for assessing the special preparedness of a football player; (2) in the aspect of physical training: substantiation of the model characteristics of the athlete’s physical readiness in accordance with the modern realities of football; individualization of physical training on the basis of identifying the weaknesses of preparedness in terms of leading motor qualities; strengthening of control of tolerance of the imposed loadings; integration of the activity of a trainer in joint work with a medical and/or research worker competent in matters of physiological and biomedical profile; (3) in the aspect of medical and biological support of training: a detailed analysis of the athlete’s functional readiness and recovery processes; strengthening of the psychological and psychomotor components of training; account of individual typological features and searching for a favorable combination of individual typological features for the selection of gifted players; expanding of information on how to take into account the biological maturity of young football players; (4) the use of an integral approach in assessing the prospects of a football player at all stages of the multiyear sports training.