ДОЛГОЖИТЕЛИ В ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РОССИИ

Abstract

The subject of the study is a cohort of the Russian population aged 90+ (centenarians). The purpose of the work is to conduct a theoretical study of the place of the cohort of centenarians in the demographic structure of the country's population. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that longevity is still a fairly rare phenomenon, attracting the attention of many specialists. The iden- tification of its determining factors remains an important medical, social, and state problem. Today there is no universal answer to the question "what determines the level of longevity?". In light of the search for an answer to it, it is necessary at least to give an accurate picture of longevity in Russia, both on the national scale and in the context of its regions. The scientific novelty consists in identifying the level of longevity in Russia and the spatial pattern of the spread of this phenomenon on the territory of the country. The statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as analytical publications in periodicals, served as the information base of the study. The research methods include general logical, analytical, statistical, and cartographic methods. To measure the level of longevity, such indicators were used (including calculated) as the absolute number of centenarians (persons aged 90+); the proportion of centenarians (aged 90+) in the total population; the index of longevity or longevity for groups aged 90+. In the course of the study, the authors obtained the following results: indicators of the level of longevity in Russia and in its regions were determined. In order to visualize the obtained regional data, their mapping was carried out. Factors influencing spatial differences in the level of longevity in the country have been identified. The authors conclude about the positive dynamics of the longevity level of the population of Russia in 1990-2021. Among the macro-regions of Russia, the Central Federal District is the leader in terms of the absolute number of cen tenarians, their share in the total population, and the value of the longevity index. The Far Eastern Federal District is an outsider according to these parameters. At the same time, the territories that in Russia are traditionally considered “hotbeds” of longevity – the North Caucasus and Siberia – do not show high values of longevity indicators. Outsider regions in terms of the longevity of the population are mainly “areas of new development”.