КАДРОВЫЙ БАЛЛАСТ, ИЛИ ПОЧЕМУ СИСТЕМА ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НЕ УСПЕВАЕТ ЗА ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЕЙ РЫНКА ТРУДА

Abstract

The subject of the study is the training of personnel in the system of higher education in terms of meeting the needs of the national labor market. The purpose of the study is to determine whether the professional structure and content of higher education have time to adapt to the new needs of the Russian economy and to establish what steps are needed to improve the quality and structure of higher education. The scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the need to change the organization and improve the efficiency of the higher education system in the Russian Federation. The relevance of studies of long-term trends in the structure and dynamics of demand for labor and its supply, the timeliness of the creation of institutions, and the development of methods for science-based forecasting of the medium-term and long-term needs of the economy in personnel are argued. The results of the study allowed us to draw the following conclusions. There is a need for a systemic restructuring of the entire education system, from school to higher education. In this process, the role of the state should be significantly increased. It is necessary to change the approach to the organization of career guidance counseling: a transition from informing young people and parents about the situation in the labor market to determining personal inclinations and opportunities in relation to different groups of specialties, organizing a system for shaping young people's value and professional orientations in accordance with the new needs of the home economy. Career guidance counseling at school should be based on applicants' attitudes adequate to the realities of the labor market in terms of the further education process. At the start of higher school studies, “entrance testing” should be introduced, which will allow identifying groups (segments) among first-year students based on their internal motives and educational attitudes, which will become the basis for introducing variable approaches to learning. The aspects of the organization and working conditions of a teacher that negatively affect the quality of higher education identified in the course of the study and analyzed in this article form an information base for determining the main measures to improve the situation.