Відтворювальні якості та економічна ефективність використання свиноматок різного рівня адаптації та експлуатаційної цінності

Abstract

Goal. To study the reproductive qualities and calculate the economic efficiency of using sows of different levels of adaptation and production value; to determine based on the received data the criteria for the selection of highly-productive animals. Methods. Zootechnical, statistical, purebred breeding. The evaluation of sows of the large white breed of Hungarian origin by indicators of long-term adaptation, production value, and reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following quantitative characteristics: life expectancy of the sow, months; duration of breeding use of the sow, months; received farrows; piglets obtained at a whole, heads; live piglets received at a whole, heads; multifertility, heads; the weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28–32 days, kg; preservation of piglets until weaning, %. Results. It was established that sows of the large white breed of Hungarian origin were characterized by high indicators of long-term adaptation, production value, and reproductive qualities. Thus, their life expectancy was 44.1±1.97 months (Cv=35.27%), duration of breeding use — 32.8±1.95 months (Cv=46.91%), and «adaptation level» index — 5.48–27.20 points. The preservation of piglets until weaning at the age of 28–32 days, %, in sows of experimental groups was 90.1–94.4%. Sows of the «high production value» category prevailed over their peers of the «low production value» category in terms of the following parameters: farrows obtained, live piglets obtained in total, heads, fertility, heads, the weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28–32 days, kg on average by 46.67%. The preservation of piglets until weaning at the age of 28–32 days in sows of different production values was 91.3–100%. Conclusions. Animals of the «high production value» category, as well as sows with the minimum value of the «adaptation level» index (5.48–8.20 points), outperform peers of the opposite groups in terms of fertility by 8.62–19.64%, nest weight at weaning — 6.50–13.34%, respectively. This contributed to the maximum increase in additional production from sows of experimental groups at the level of 8.41–4.99%.