ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ЭРОЗИИ ПОЧВЫ НА СКЛОНОВЫХ ПОЛЯХ И ПУТИ ЕЁ СНИЖЕНИЯ

Abstract

The work is devoted to the mathematical description of the process of occurrence and flow of mechanical soil erosion on slope fields and ways to reduce it. The dependences of mechanical erosion on the steepness of the slope, the type and parameters of the working unit, the direction of movement of the unit relative to the horizontal field are given. The obtained mathematical dependences allow us to calculate the displacement of the soil down the slope, depending on the type and parameters of the working unit and on the technology of tillage used. Purpose of the study. Reduction of mechanical soil erosion in slope fields by improving technologies and structural and technological parameters of tillage and seeding machines. Calculations showed that when the unit moves at an angle θ = 45 ÷ 70° to the horizontal of the field, the maximum displacement of the soil occurs by the lower wing of the working body (Δ1). Minimal mechanical soil erosion is provided for lancet working bodies when the unit moves relative to the horizontal of the field at an angle of 90 ± 35°, for unilateral working bodies - 120 ± 40°. It is desirable to avoid the direction of movement of the unit θ ≈ 0 ... 70°, when maximum mechanical erosion is observed when processing by one-sided working bodies (plow bodies) exceeding mechanical erosion when moving along the field horizontals 1.5 times.