ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НАНОДИСПЕРСНОГО ПОРОШКУ ОКСИДУ ЗАЛІЗА У ВИРОЩУВАННІ ЯЧМЕНЮ ЯРОГО ТА СОЇ

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study of efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticle application (nano Fe+) in the cultivation of spring barley and soybeans by different systems of basic tillage in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The effectiveness of nano Fe+ applying was determined by determining the biological yield of the studied crops and its structure and comparison with the control version of the experiment (without the use of nanopreparation). The studied crops were spring barley and soybeans. The number of variants of the experiment were 16 (8 variants for each culture). Number of repetitions – three. The research was carried out according to the following scheme: factor A – tillage system (A1 – traditional, A2 – conservation, A3 – mulching, A4 – mini-till); factor B – iron oxide nano Fe+ (B1 – control (without the use of nano Fe+), B2 – the use of nano Fe+ for seed treatment at a rate of 5 mg/t). Used nanopreparation of black iron oxide magnetite is a polyvalent iron oxide (FeO - Fe2O3 - Fe3O4). Results of field research showed a tendency to increase the yield of barley and soybeans with the use of iron oxide nanoparticles in the treatment of seed material. The increase in the yield of spring barley was different depending on the system of basic tillage and ranged from 5 % (conservation system) to 25 % (traditional system). The most favorable conditions for the formation of spring barley yield within the experiment were formed by the mulching system of tillage, which together with the use of nano Fe+ allowed to form the biological yield of the crop at the level of 61,2 c/ha. The effect of direct exposure to nano Fe+ in the case of the mulching system was a 12 % increase in yield compared to control. The use of nano Fe+ on soybean crops helped to increase plant survival. Biological yield during soybean seed treatment nano Fe+ was higher in almost all tillage options. The greatest effect from the use of nano Fe+ was observed for the traditional tillage system (+ 55 % compared to the control). Conclusions. The results of the field experiment revealed a positive effect from the use of nano Fe+ in seed treatment in the technology of growing spring barley and soybeans. It is noted that nano Fe+ influenced the growth and development of the studied crops and the formation of their yields. The average level of biological yield of spring barley (for all applied tillage systems) without nano Fe+ treatment was 50 c/ha, and with the use of nanopreparation – 58 c/ha. For soybeans, the average level of biological yield for all studied systems without nano Fe+ was 17 c/ha, and with the use of nanopreparation – 21,6 c/ha.