Ландшафтная агролесомелиорация

Abstract

Purpose: to substantiate the main provisions of landscape agroforestry reclamation. Methods: landscape-chorionic, ecotonic and catenary-basin approaches. Results. A provision on the forest agrarian chorion formed by the core – the phytomass accumulation of the forestry stows and the reclamation fields of its impact on the agricultural landscape has been developed. The characteristics of these fields depend on the intensity of the material-energy manifestations of the chorionic core, which changes in connection with the agro-environment dynamics and the forest-agrarian chorion development. This leads to the emergence of local forest-agricultural landscapes and their ecotones. Forestry stows mesoecotones of and regional forests macroecotones organize the landscape space. In this case, the slope landscapes combine landscape-geochemical flows, and the catchment areas of gullies and watercourse basins combine the systems of such flows. Forest agrarian chorions, due to their influence fields and filtration-barrier function of ecotones, influence the direction and properties of landscape-geochemical flows, changing the ratio of the articles of the water balance of the territory, material-energy removal and accumulation of matter and energy, concentration and dispersion of information, productivity and product quality of agricultural landscapes. Primary catchments of gullies with a well-developed network of valleys, hollows and gullies are characterized by landscape-geochemical microarens, and the basins of watercourses of various orders are mega- and macroarens, which, respectively, represent local forest-agricultural landscapes, districts, regions, and zones of landscape agroforestry reclamation. All forest agrarian chorions (forest strips, groves, etc.) are grouped according to the main criteria: protection of fields and gardens, protection of meadows and pastures, organization of landscape space. Conclusions. The terminology and meanings of agroforestry reclamation and landscape science have been agreed upon. The main provisions of landscape agroforestry have been substantiated: forest agrarian chorion, forest edge ecotone, basin structure and qualitatively homogeneous groups of multifunctional forest agrarian chorions.