Світовий досвід формування та реалізації політики соціального захисту учасників бойових дій

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. The policy of social protection of combat veterans, namely participants of hostilities (hereinafter referred to as POH), in developed countries is a priority issue of state management. The countries of the world that have achieved a high level of social protection for veterans and are able to ensure the competitiveness of military service include the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France. Also, experience of Croatia and Georgia may be of interest for Ukraine.Lack of experience in coping with the consequences for combat veterans  actualizes scientific research into the achievements in this area of the countries with the positive practice of developing social security systems for veterans, which will allow improving the national social protection system, taking into account the economic, political and other realias of Ukraine.Analysis of recent research and publications. Extensive research into the best international practices of social protection of combat veterans was carried out by many domestic and foreign researchers and public NGOs, among which the following deserve special attention: A. Husak, I. Datsyuk, S. Korolev, Yu. Kalagin, O. Shkuropatsky, OO Kondratenko, Ukrainian Union of Afghan Veterans, The Legal Hundred, European Information and Research Center, and others. Despite the rather diverse approach to the problem in the scientific literature, the works that would comprehensively reveal the peculiarities of the implementation of world experience in the formulation and implementation of the state policy of social protection of POH are currently lacking.Formulating the purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to investigate the institutional, regulatory, and practical aspects of the formation and implementation of social protection policy for veterans - combatants in a number of countries of the world.Outline of the main research material. Most developed countries had a rather long period of formulating combat veterans' social protection policies and developing appropriate mechanisms for their implementation: from the end of the eighteenth to the beginning of the twenty-first century. Generalization of world experience in developing a system of social protection for combat veterans, in particular the USA, Great Britain, Germany, France, Croatia and Georgia were conducted according to the following parameters: policy-makers and policy-implementators, legislative support and main activities in the field of social protection of combat veterans.The subjects of formation of the state policy of social protection of veterans are the bodies of state power and institutes of civil society which define the basic directions of protection. It should be noted that the governments of these countries have an appropriate executive body which, together with other institutions, implements social security policy for combat veterans - POH. In the US and Croatia, the main executive body is the Ministry of Veterans Affairs, in the United Kingdom and Germany - the Ministry of Defense, in France - the Ministry of the Armed Forces, in Georgia - the State Veterans Service.It should be noted that the military legislation of these countries is constantly updated in line with the challenges of today. A number of common features and differences can be distinguished regarding the directions of the state policy of social protection of POH and combat veterans. The main directions are: pension and preferential care, health care, vocational adaptation and psychological rehabilitation, housing issues. Effective information platforms, preferential mortgages, life insurance and pastoral care also are in force in many countries.Conclusions. It is advisable for Ukraine to develop social protection system for combat veterans, focusing and relying on already existing effective mechanisms for implementing veterans 'social protection policies in developed countries, a convenient system of enquiries for citizens, efficient feedback, a high level of awareness combat veterans of their rights and guarantees, effective social support programs.The direction of further research may be international mechanisms for communication between public authorities, civil society institutions and veterans, means of establishing effective feedback, maintaining the image of combat veterans, their social adaptation.