Abstract
Goal. To analyze the long-term data on the development and application of biological plant protection products in Ukraine. Methods. Microbiological, biochemical, entomological, field, mathematical-statistical, and information-analytical. Results. It is established that in Ukraine for the last 20 years the areas of cultivated agricultural lands treated with biological means of plant protection against pests decreased from 8.5% (2000) to 3.6% (2019), and in 2006 the share of the areas treated with bioresources was the lowest (2.9%). Most biological drugs are used against mouse-like animals, gnawing and leaf-eating moths, stem butterfly and pest complex in vegetable and grain agrocnosis, and in orchards. Scientific developments on the biological method of plant protection are given. An ecologically safe system of protection of vegetable crops of open and closed soil is developed and tested. The search for highly effective strains of microorganisms for the creation and development of new biological preparations is carried out. Methods of step-by-step selection with the determination of productive monoisolates to obtain production strains of entomopathogens have been studied. The deep technology of low-tonnage production of the biological product Trikhodermin-R for the conditions of bio laboratories of Ukraine has been improved. Conclusions. It is established that the cultivated areas treated with biological plant protection products decreased every year and in 2019 amounted to 1.8 million hectares out of 49.8 million hectares of all cultivated areas. The Institute of plant protection of NAAS has developed an environmentally friendly system of protection of vegetable crops in open and closed soil against pests and created a collection of highly active and productive strains of entomopathogens, microorganisms-antagonists, predatory nematophage fungi — producers of biological drugs, plant protection products in Ukraine.
Highlights
The problem of maintaining homeostasis of the environment poses a challenge to science and practice to find safer ways to control pests and pathogens of crops
The essence of the biological method of plant protection is to use against pests their natural enemies and products of their activities, obtaining high quality environmentally friendly products while maintaining the biological diversity of biocenoses
The introduction of the developed ecologically safe systems of protection of vegetable crops of open and closed soil will improve the phytosanitary condition of vegetable agrocenoses, will allow to increase the share of biological agents in integrated systems to 65-80%, to reduce pesticide load by 2.0-2.5 times, to reduce crop losses and get quality vegetable products
Summary
The problem of maintaining homeostasis of the environment poses a challenge to science and practice to find safer ways to control pests and pathogens of crops. One of the main elements of modern technologies of phytosanitary optimization of agroecosystems and obtaining environmentally friendly products is the use of biological means of protection.
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