Фізичне виховання студентів в університетах на території України у першій половині ХІХ століття

Abstract

Topicality. Physical education of student youth is an important component of the higher education system of Ukraine. The traditions of the foundation of physical education in domestic universities of the first half of the 19th century have significant scientific and practical potential, therefore they require a more detailed study. The Purpose of the Research is to analyze the development of physical education in universities in the times, when Ukraine was a part of Russian Empire to use valuable historical experience. To solve it, we used a complex of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-typological, source-scientific, chronological and historical-systemic) Research Methods. Results and Conclusions. In the first half of the 19th century, physical traіning had the status of «secular» exercises and had an entertaining character. With the appearance of the first universities at the state level, the need for physical and aesthetic education of students was confirmed. In addition to the main subjects, drawing, music, dancing, fencing, horse riding were taught as optional courses. The publications talk about the benefits of gymnastics, which at that time meant any physical exercises from sporting activity. Reputable teachers, many of whom received a European education, provided a high level of student training. Thanks to university teachers from the countries of Western Europe, progressive ideas about the benefits of fencing and horse riding for improving health and developing physical, willful and moral qualities of a young person were brought to the territory of Ukraine. The sports movement was born in the country during this period. The first sports clubs appear in large cities, the initiators of its creation mainly were former students of universities. The first impromptu competitions are held. Significant scientific and scientific-applied work is carried out by university teachers with the aim of spreading physical education, hardening children, young people, and the general population, prevention and treatment of various diseases.