АНАЛІЗ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИХ РЕСУРСІВ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

The article discusses issues related to the need to improve the use of land resources of Ukraine. Ukraine has a huge natural resource potential. The land fund of Ukraine is 5.7% of the territory of Europe. What distinguishes Ukraine from Western European countries is that the proportion of agricultural land is high, especially arable land. In addition, they are distinguished by the quality of the land, as the proportion of black soil is high. The structure of land resources and the dynamics of changes in them are considered. Ukraine is sufficiently provided with arable land, but the amount of such land per capita is not correlated with the level of food supply of the population, since the latter figure depends not only on the land area and land fertility, but also on the level of agricultural culture, crop structure, and the country’s economy, development of the processing industry, social conditions and standard of living.Ukraine has a high level of agricultural development, but the ratio in different natural areas is unequal. In the mixed forest zone, agricultural development is less than in the steppe and forest-steppe zones. An objective law of agricultural development in leading countries is the growth in the number of large agricultural enterprises and agroholdings, since agriculture requires significant investments and high economic efficiency of production is achieved by attracting large areas of land. resources. Among European countries, Ukraine ranks second in terms of availability of agricultural land. After studying the practice of agricultural land use in Ukraine, it can be noted that the farms that are under the control of agroholdings (one third of agricultural areas) and enterprises that operate on conditions of self-financing are most different. Problems in land management have been analyzed. Considered foreign experience in the use of land resources. Ukraine has not yet created an information base for effective land management. This is due to the lack of money, technical means, organizational and methodological provisions have not been worked out, the creation of a national data bank on the state of land, land registration activities, and land monitoring is inhibited. There are proposals for improving land use. In the structure of land resources and land use, there are now significant disproportions, the increase of which can threaten the environment and, consequently, the human living environment and, equally important, economic efficiency, i.e. sustainable development of the national economy. The situation with the ownership, use and disposal of land remains difficult, it requires urgent improvement. The most acute problems are the incompleteness of the processes of reforming economic and legal property relations, the imperfection of the system of state administration in the sphere of land use and protection.