Структурно-семантические особенности медицинских терминов в английском и французском языках и проблемы их перевода на русский язык (краткое сообщение)

Abstract

This short report presents the studying results of the structural and semantic peculiarities of the terms of the medicine in the English and French languages. The actual material for this study was 950 medical terms. The authors used the following methods: continuous sampling method, component and comparative analysis, method of word definition. The authors gave a characterization of the stages and factors of the development concept “terminology”, in particular, medical terminology. The analysis of scientific texts, articles in medicine and biology allows to identifying the eponymic terms. A proper name is a characteristic feature of these eponymic terms as binary phrase. Formation of the derived from a large number of compound terms confirms the viability and morphological value of this type of terms. Their translation into the Russian language is accompanied by a number of problems. The authors present the possible ways of translating eponymic terms in Russian: descriptive translation with the personal name and descriptive-explanatory translation without personal name. The first method can be effective for eponymic terms that have become traditional and understandable for every medical practitioner. This method requires the translation with transliteration of personal name. The second method, descriptive-explanatory, may be useful if there are multiple synonymic eponymic terms. This translation must take into account the field of medicine.