ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ РАКА ПИЩЕВОДА В ВОСТОЧНЫХ РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ

Abstract

A constant increase in the number of patients with malignant neoplasms in Russia sets a task for the State to overcome the existing difficulties in improving major indicators of morbidity and mortality from esophageal cancer, taking into account individual territorial problems The purpose of the study was to evaluate major indicators of morbidity and mortality from esophageal cancer in the Eastern regions of Russia over the ten-year period (2009-2019). Material and methods. The study used indicators of morbidity and mortality, reporting forms of statistical registration of cancer patients and regulatory documents of higher-level organizations, information on ten-year observations on the dynamics in changes in digital values of the pathology under study. Results. The study presents data on morbidity and mortality from esophageal cancer among patients in the Far Eastern Federal District: 34152 new cancer cases were registered in 2019 which is 8.5% higher than ten years ago. 988 patients with esophageal cancer were under medical follow-up i.e. 12.0 per 100,000 population in the region. In the structure of incidence and total mortality among all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, esophageal cancer ranked second after malignant neoplasms of stomach. During the study period, the number of patients with advanced forms of the disease decreased (29.8%) with a parallel light increase in the number of patients with cancer stages I and II (33.3%). Over the past ten years, the morbidity increased more in the female population (2.01 о/оооо). The share of actively detected patients during this time increased multi-fold (15.4%), with a simultaneous increase in the number of patients with esophageal cancer (1.9). The number of morphologically confirmed cases was lower than the Russian average (91.6%). The share of patients registered for medical follow-up over five years did not reach the average republican values (37.0%). Deaths within the first year of diagnosis were characterized by dynamically decreasing digital values against the background of high indicators (55.3%, and 57.6% in the Russian Federation). Conclusion. Against the background of the increasing absolute number of patients with malignant neoplasms in the Eastern regions of Russia in 2019, standardized indicators (Standard population) of mortality from esophageal cancer in the male population increased with a rise in the number of women who developed and died from esophageal cancer.