Assessment of the main indicators of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients with oral lesions in the eastern regions of Russia

Abstract

Over the past decades, the eastern regions of Russia are characterized by a constant in-crease in the number of patients with oncological pathology, in the structure of which malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system occupy the first place in the cause of death. Aim. A scientific assessment of the main indicators of morbidity and mortality of the population from the cancer of oral organs in the Far East of Russia (2008-2020). Materials and methods. The morbidity and mortality rates, reporting forms of statistical records of cancer patients and regulatory documents of superior organizations, information on observations of the dynamics of changes in the numerical values of the pathology under study were used in the course of the work. Results. We present the main indices of morbidity and mortality of patients with oral cancer in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation where 596 new cases of malignant neoplasms were registered in 2020, which is 53.7 % more than thirteen years ago (in 2008 – 320 people). There was a similar increase of 76.7 % for Russia. During the studied period of time the number of patients with I-II stages of disease has increased (in 2020 – 39.5 %; in 2008 – 27.6 %) with simultaneous increase of the number of patients with advanced forms of the disease (in 2020 – 33.7 %; in 2008 – 25.9 %). In recent years the morbidity and mortality rates have been steadily increasing. The percentage of actively diagnosed patients has declined (in 2020 – 23.5 %; in 2019 – 24.3 %), while at the end of the year contingent accumulation index has become higher (4.5 %). Morphological confirmation of the diagnosis (over 95.4 %) did not exceed the national average (98.3 %). The ratio of patients who had been on the registry for 5 and more years was lower than the average Russian values, but the mortality rate during the first year after the diagnosis has improved (in 2020 – 28.0 %; in 2008 – 42.0 %). Conclusion. Thus, against the background of increasing total number of patients with malignant neoplasms in the territories of the eastern regions of the Russian Federation there is a steady increase in morbidity and mortality in oral cancer.