Обоснование критерия социального пожарного риска в зданиях и сооружениях в Российской Федерациии

Abstract

Introduction. Currently, the Russian Federation has one of the highest levels of individual and social fire risk in the world, which causes a contradiction between the normative value of social fire risk of 10-7 and the lack of its justification (economic, statistical). The paper presents the main indicators of the situation with fires in the Russian Federation from 2009 to 2020. The equations of the dependence of the costs of ensuring fire safety depending on the individual fire risk, as well as damage from fires, are derived. The optimal value of individual fire risk is calculated, which is used to justify the social fire risk. Overestimation of the calculated values of fire risks leads to the fact that the owners of facilities are forced to increase their fire safety to indicators that do not correspond to the level of development of the national economy, the development of the material and technical base, as well as the level of scientific and technical development in accordance with Art. 3 of the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184 " On Technical Regulation". The purpose of the study is to substantiate the social fire risk in buildings and structures of the Russian Federation for 2023-2027. Research methods. The article uses a probabilistic-statistical method of research. The costs of ensuring fire safety are analyzed in connection with the damage from fires, which depends on the individual fire risk. The results of the study. The social fire risk in the Russian Federation for buildings and structures is justified. Conclusion. The article shows one of the possible methods of developing a scientific and methodological approach to substantiating the normative value of social fire risk in buildings and structures of various classes of functional fire hazard of the Russian Federation. A reasonable social fire risk makes it possible to maintain an acceptable level of human safety in buildings and structures, which corresponds to the level of development of the national economy, the development of the material and technical base, as well as the level of scientific and technical development of the country. Keywords: fire, individual fire risk, social fire risk, risk of death in a fire, simultaneous death of people.