СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ БАНКІВ

Abstract

The article systematizes approaches to bank taxation in countries with developed market economies and Ukraine. The foreign experience was analysed and an analogy with domestic practice was made. The components that include the object of taxation of banking institutions are given. The main statistical indicators regarding the income tax of Ukrainian banks were analysed according to the data of the National Bank of Ukraine in dynamics. It has been proven that in Ukraine the share of bank income tax does not exceed 1% of all tax revenues. The global experience of banking taxation in the USA, Italy, France, Japan and other countries was studied. In the article, considering the global practice of taxation of banks in modern conditions, the key features of taxation of banking institutions are highlighted. Different methods of preferential taxation of banks are defined. A comparative analysis of the taxation systems of banks of Ukraine and other countries was carried out. There are two approaches to taxation of banking activity in the world. The first, which can be observed in the practice of most countries, provides for the cancellation of benefits used by banking institutions compared to other business entities to further establish equal taxation of financial institutions and enterprises. The second approach consists in differentiated taxation of banking activities, considering the role of banking institutions in economic processes and the specifics of banks' activities as financial intermediaries. Revenues from taxpayers and fees in the banking sector make up a small part of national and local budgets. Promoting the effective functioning of the banking system will provide an opportunity to increase the financial potential of the state by using the attributes of the taxation system, accounting, and reporting for banking institutions. In the conditions of war, to ensure the uninterrupted functioning of the country's financial system, it is advisable for Ukrainian banks to apply the following benefits: exemption from taxation of bank funds invested in innovative enterprises; tax benefits for banks offering long-term investment loans. The obtained results of the study can be implemented in the activities of state structures in the field of taxation in terms of making corrections in the organization of the banking system of Ukraine.