ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ БАНКІВСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ

Abstract

Taxation of banks is of considerable scientific interest. There are a number of reasons for this: banks play a critical role in allocating resources and capital turnover; many banks have a monopoly to provide certain services thus the taxation of the banking system can play a significant role in replenishing the state budget of the country. Taxation of banking institutions in Ukraine is not an additional tool for regulating banking activities and, accordingly, in its present form is not capable of performing risk-restraining or other regulatory functions. At the same time, in many countries of Europe and world in recent years, the possibility of optimizing the taxation of the banking sector in the context of providing these functions is actively discussed, especially in the developed countries that have suffered the most from the financial crisis of 2008-2009, and hence its differentiation compared to general corporate taxation. The research reveals three directions for the establishment of differentiated taxation: risk, transactional, margin-oriented schemes. As a conclusion the author has developed list of recommendations: to differentiate the rates of income tax (to increase the rate of tax on profits from high-margin operations in the stock and currency markets, and at the same time to reduce it on the profit received by banks from lending to the real sector of the economy); it is worth considering the foreign experience of taxation of net and gross assets of the bank, expenses, liabilities, also it is necessary to expand the tax base of the income tax. Implementation of the aforementioned changes to the current legislation optimizes the system of measures related to the taxation of banks activities, improvement of their financial stability, equalization of taxation conditions of banks and other economic entities, increase of tax revenues to the budget, and will eliminate the non-compliance of the norms of various legal acts.