Компонентный состав тела у детей с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника

Abstract

Underweight and growth retardation are the main extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and are especially common among patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Anthropometry and laboratory parameters cannot always reveal hidden violations of the nutritional status of patients. In this regard, the method of bioelectrical impedance is being actively introduced into clinical practice to assess the component composition of the body. There are few publications in the literature, according to which children with IBD have a disturbed body component composition; mainly it is the indicators of fat and muscle mass that change. However, a number of questions remain regarding the effect of therapy, duration, stage and activity of the disease on the nutritional status of children with IBD, including body composition, which require further study. The purpose was to evaluate the body composition in children with inflammatory bowel diseases. Material and methods. We observed 63 children aged 5 to 18 years with IBD: with CD — 23 children, with ulcerative colitis (UC) — 40 children. Body composition was determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results. Body composition differed in children with IBD depending on the disease. Children with CD were more likely to be fat deficient than children with UC (p = 0.014), and children with UC were more likely to have excess fat mass (p = 0.038). The content of fat and active cell mass was lower in CD compared with UC. Lower rates of fat mass were observed both at the onset and during remission of CD. A decrease in the phase angle was observed more often in children with CD during the disease exacerbation (p = 0.029). A third of children with UC with normal physical development have deviations in the indicators of the body component composition according to the results of bioelectrical impedance analysis. Conclusions. Further prospective studies of body composition and phase angle in children with IBD are needed to analyze the effect of therapy, duration and period of the disease.