АРХЕТИПІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ОБРАЗУ ГЕРОЯ В СУЧАСНОМУ УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ НЕІНСТИТУЦІЙНОМУ ВІЙСЬКОВОМУ ДИСКУРСІ

Abstract

The aim of the article is to study the specifics of the archetypal aspects of the Hero image in modern Ukrainian non-institutional military discourse. Materials & methods. Discourse analysis was used to identify the characteristics of archetypal images and motifs. The application of psychoanalytic interpretation, the most characteristic feature of which is the accentuation of senses and the assumption of the self-sufficiency of experience, has directed attention to the symbolism of the unconscious, universal meanings and psychological mechanisms inherent in the text. The material for the article was text fragments, photos and comments to them with a total volume of 912 units, which were posted during 2020 on the pages of the social network groups Facebook "Military service - Military Service", "Armed Forces of Ukraine". Results & discussions. Hero-rescuer mythological archetype is at the heart of the Ukrainian non-institutional military discourse. Permanent mythological plot can be traced in the military discourse. Thus, the typical stages of the mythological Hero odyssey were observed: the beginning of the mythological Hero’s adventures is provoked by a catastrophe, which is caused by criminal actions of his enemies; the Hero sets off for a journey to restore the broken harmony; the villains prevent but the Hero passes the trials and wins his reward. His triumph can be represented as the liberation of his country from tyrant. Addressing the mythological plot carries a pragmatic purpose to overcome stress: the military needs unshakable faith in happy end of the problem situation (military conflict in eastern Ukraine) and the idea of mythological Hero helps soldiers to increase self-confidence. Thus, the Ukrainian non-institutional military discourse shows a relationship between the call to the mythological consciousness and coping strategies. Then, there is tendency observed in the military discourse that Hero archetypal image deviates from the archaic archetype framework and the Hero model with an emphasis on the Christian eschatological paradigm dominates. The motif of sacrifice accompanying the Hero image forms the archetypal image of the Hero-holy man. Conclusion. Two Hero models dominate in the Ukrainian non-institutional military discourse. The first model is distinguished by exaggeration. It is a Hero-superman image defined by similarity to mythological heroes, gods, titans. However, this Hero model is not only always accepted by the Ukrainian military but can sometimes arise rejection and protest against Hero-superman image. The second model is a collective image of Ukrainian culture. The People’s Hero model actualizes the features of a toiler who is not a professional soldier, he is a peaceful man. This archetypal image is distinguished by realism and contrast to the Hero-superman image. Key words: Hero archetype, archetypal image, non-institutional military discourse.