СВОЕВРЕМЕННАЯ ЭВАКУАЦИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПРИ ПОЖАРАХ ИЗ ЗДАНИЙ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ

Abstract

Purpose. The authors of the article deal with a very topical issue - providing safe evacuation of people from general educational institutions in case of fire. The authors propose their solutions how to provide the conditions for safe evacuation of people from schools and preschools when a fire breaks out, including changes and amendments to codes and regulations in the field of fire safety. Methods. The requirements laid down in fire codes and regulations have been analyzed in the article, the statistical data on fires in socially significant facilities for the period 2019-2020 are presented. Findings. The analysis of the statistical data about fires in schools and preschools, about fatalities and injured people in these fires leads to the conclusion that supervision bodies of EMERCOM of Russia must focus their attention on training teaching staff and schoolchildren in matters regarding fire safety, as well as conducting fire drills on the timely evacuation of children. The authors emphasize the necessity to determine time factor for conducting hands-on training on evacuation of schoolchildren and suggest indicating in the evacuation plan time value needed to evacuate people, during which it is required to leave the floor (building) after the fire alarm signal to start evacuation. Besides these proposals, the authors suggest some changes and amendments to fire safety codes and regulations aimed at minimizing possible fires at facilities of this category to be protected. Research application field. The authors consider it appropriate to recommend to fire safety specialists to conduct fire drills on evacuating people from premises accommodating large numbers of people on the example of several facilities to be protected (a school, a preschool) taking into account the required time for evacuation. In accordance with the findings of the research it is possible to work out "Methodology on organizing and conducting fire evacuation drills". Conclusions. Specifying the time required for evacuation of people from buildings and premises will have a positive impact on the effectiveness of fire drills, will help determine whether people are able to evacuate at a well-defined time. It is reasonable to conduct similar research for other types of premises accommodating large numbers of people - healthcare institutions, social protection institutions and cultural institutions.