Abstract
The article presents the main methods of determining the main operational indicators of transport construction machines, which are their fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness. Considered international standards such as STAGE and TIER set emission limits for off-road equipment, including transport construction machinery. In Ukraine, the SOU 42.1-37641918-094:2017 standard is used to determine the fuel efficiency of road machines and mechanisms, which determines the consumption norms of fuel and lubricants. The calculations are based on the specific fuel consumption at the nominal power of the engine and the integral coefficient, which takes into account the average operating conditions of the machine during the work shift. Typical engine load charts were analyzed to study the efficiency and environmental friendliness of special machines used in transport construction and other industries. They reflect the dependence of the torque change on the duty cycle time. Another research method involves testing using the test cycles described in ISO 8178. The procedure involves the use of several test cycles on an engine test bench. These cycles vary depending on the engine class and the type of equipment being tested. Each cycle is a sequence of stable or transient modes of operation of the engine with different load factors. In cases where laboratory testing is not possible or suitable, ISO 8178-2 provides measurements in real operating conditions using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). This allows you to receive data directly during the normal operation of the car. Test cycles are key tools for evaluating the fuel efficiency and environmental performance of construction vehicles. They allow you to simulate different modes of operation and obtain accurate data on the operational properties of the equipment. However, given the unique characteristics and operating conditions of different types of machines, there is a need to develop specialized test cycles that best match the actual conditions of use of the equipment. Keywords: test cycle, performance indicators, consumption norms of fuel and lubricants, fuel efficiency, environmental safety, toxicity norms, engine load chart, portable system for measuring harmful emissions, transport construction machines.
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