日本語・韓国語におけるかたさを表す擬態語の プロトタイプ的考察

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In this paper, I propose a prototype model of each mimetic word by clarifying the central meaning and the peripheral meaning about the mimetic word which shows hardness among the sensory mimetic words of Japanese and Korean. In this paper, I tried to present the cognitive category structure composed of basic category and its surrounding language by considering the prototype semantic theory of cognitive linguistics. As a result, all bases of the Japanese mimetic words have the onomatopoeic aspect, but the onomatopoeic aspect is not shown in the Korean mimetic word. In the morphological consideration, in Japanese mimetic word, the type of CVCVx2 and CVQCVRi tend to have the central meaning, and CVQCVRi tends to have an abstract meaning. On the other hand, in Korean, the definition of hardness is simpler, but in the case of tantan, teunteun, theuntheun which take <hata> obligatorily, the definition is more abstract, which is similar to CVQCVRi in Japanese. In other words, in Japanese, CVCVx2 type has many central meanings, and in Korean, the words with autonomy in base have many central meanings. But it is notable that there are many usages of central meanings in <ttakttakhata> exceptionally. I could find some specific characteristics with phonologically and morphologically among the mimetic words which have the central meanings. It can be assumed that these characteristics are also important factors in selecting prototype models of mimetic words.