Сезонні ритми розвитку Hyssopus officinalis за культивування в умовах Житомирського Полісся

Abstract

<p>The duration of phenological phases of 1-7-yeats-old <em>Hyssopus</em><em> officinalis</em> and its seasonal rhythms depending on the abiotic conditions of growth are established. It has been proved that hyssop belongs to late species by the terms of regrowth, the spring phase of which begins with the establishment of stable heat in April-May. The hyssop is attributed to the summer flowering plants, the flowering is the longest phase, and mass flowering is registered in July-August. Hyssop is a spring-summer-autumn-green plants, which begin the vegetation in spring, and in autumn they stay under the snow in green. Climatic conditions during the years of research were marked by temperature and precipitation fluctuations that affected the duration of the growing season and individual phenophases. First year seedlings of H. officinalis had the period of intensive growth and development from sowing to a period of rest was 159 days, whereas in Zhytomyr Polissya the sum of active temperatures was 2610 °С and sum of effective temperatures – 1180 °С. For 2-7-year-old hyssops the period from the spring regeneration to the death of the blooming plants and the formation of seeds lasted an average for 144 days (from 133 days in 2010 to 147 days in 2014). The range of temperatures required for the entire period was insignificant: active - from 2548.2 °C (2011) to 2696.3 °C (2012); effective - from 1152 °C (2009) to 1402.2 °C (2010). Compared with other phenological phases during the blooming period, plants require considerably more heat. The water scarcity did not affect significant on the duration of H. officinalis season rhythms. It is shown that to complete the development cycle of H. officinalis from the total amount of active temperatures was spent on average: for germination of seeds and spring regrowth – 5.9%, for stem formation phase – 13.5%, budding – 22.11%, blooming – 29.5%, fruiting – 16.5%, seeds maturation and pedicels dying – 12.6%; effective temperatures, respectively - 5.2%, 11.9%, 22%, 32.6%, 17.7%, 10.5%. The climatic conditions of Ukrainian Polissya allow to obtain hyssop plant raw material during one growing season, that indicates the adaptation of the species to the new conditions of growth.                </p>