Контрабанда драгоценных металлов в XIX в.: условия, специфика и способы противодействия в кяхтинском приграничье

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The article analyzes the reasons for the intensification of the smuggling of precious metals in the Kyakhta border region in the 19th century. This period is characterized not only by political instability in the Qing Empire, but also began in the second half of the 19th century. The “gold rush” in Eastern Siberia, which imposed its own characteristics on the dynamics of illegal import and export of precious metals in the region. In this situation the government of the Russian Empire with the help of legislative acts, tried not only to stabilize cross-border trade, but also to adjust the activities of the Kyakhta customs to combat the smuggling of precious metals.