«Закат Европы» и «смерть» гуманизма

Abstract

The paper analyzes philosophical views on humanism and culture in the realities of the modern situation. O. Spengler and F. Nietzsche predicted the end of Western culture, which is still relevant today. The study concludes that even in our time humanism remains one of the main worldview principles, but in its essence does not give creative freedom. Therefore, it is quite justified to turn to the teachings of Russian thinkers, for whom the solution of social problems had a universal, moral significance. Their work in the context of the paper is presented in fragments. Western individualism and rationalism were also reflected in the migration policy of Western countries. Nietzsche showed the duality of life (Dionysian and Apollonian principles), similarly, in modern politics, you can see the contradiction between migration and the policy of the European Union (EU), Christian culture and politics that does not solve existential problems. Therefore, there is no complete sense of freedom, since migrants become hostages of circumstances when they receive financial assistance. O. Spengler’s reflections lead him to the idea of the failure of educational humanism. Nietzsche rejected Christian humanism, which he saw as a manifestation of “slave morality”.