ЕКОНОМІЧНА ДОЦІЛЬНІСТЬ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНИМ ПОДАТКОМ

Abstract

With the achievement of ecological and economic balance in the functioning of the economy, the world community has chosen a reliable path – resource and energy conservation, along with a decrease in the anthropogenic impact on the environment. The consequences caused by global warming require an integrated approach and a review of priorities in order to ensure the interaction of the environment, society and the economy. However, due to the difficulty of forecasting future greenhouse gas emissions, there is a high level of uncertainty in assessing the impact of climate change on the economy. One of the methods of promoting the saving of energy resources and reducing the anthropogenic overload on nature is the ratio of legislative acts in the field of ecology and environmental taxes. The article studies and analyzes the growth of the tax rate on carbon dioxide emissions in the EU countries and Ukraine, and determines the economic essence of the environmental tax. It is noted that in most developed countries, environmental taxes in the general system of taxes and payments average 5-10%, in Ukraine – about 2%, as evidenced by the analysis of the dynamics of state budget revenues of Ukraine from the environmental tax for 2016-2020. Special attention is paid to the environmental tax for emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the targeted use of state budget revenues from environmental taxes, which will bring Ukraine's industry closer to reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 35% of the 1990 level. It has been determined that for the movement of Ukraine in the direction of greening the economy, it is necessary that the legal framework in the field of environmental protection be in harmony with international legislation. The authors of the article emphasize that in order to achieve low-cost reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, the emissions trading system must work effectively. The carbon market, which has been operating in the EU since 2005, allows businesses to trade their reserve surcharges with other institutions that are short of allowances, while businesses can buy enough emissions to cover their own needs.