Цифрова інфраструктура у сфері охорони довкілля: технологічний та правовий аспекти

Abstract

Problem statement. Mechanisms of information exchange in the conditions of digital technologies dynamic development , taking into account the tendencies to globalization of information and communication processes, require wide discussion in the professional environment of state and non-state institutions, as well as constant improvement of their functioning. However, at present, the exchange of information in the system of public administration is carried out mainly through various digital mechanisms created by each individual public authority, which only to some extent ensure the implementation of the tasks assigned to such authorities. In our opinion, the formation of a developed digital information and communication infrastructure will increase the efficiency of the processes of developing appropriate management in the field of public administration. This also applies to the field of ecology and environmental protection, so the article deals with the analysis of foreign experience, including the European Union, in the implementation and operation of digital industry infrastructures, which form a single information environment for public authorities in the field of ecology, conservation and nature management.Analysis of recent publications on the issue and identification of previously unresolved parts of the overall problem. Research on the peculiarities of the functioning of digital information and communication infrastructures in the field of ecology and environmental protection has been covered in the scientific works of such foreign authors as Herbert Marshall McLuhan, Daniel Bell, Alvin Toffler. In the works of foreign researchers, digital technologies in the field of environmental protection are analyzed mostly as a means of solving environmental problems with the help of online media, which should expand the possibilities of sensory perception of the world and deepen the ability to see it naturally. An interesting approach was proposed by the German sociologist Jurgen Habermas. Addressing the analysis of post-industrial society, he noted the leading role of digital information resources in the ability to draw the attention of the world community not to local socio-political, but to global environmental issues. According to him, in such a situation, the communicative activity of the target media will be to unite humanity in the face of the threat of environmental catastrophe (Habermas, 2000).The purpose of the article is to investigate the technological and legal aspects of the functioning of information and communication infrastructure in environmental protection area.Main material. Theoretical-methodological and organizational principles of functioning of digital information and communication infrastructures in the field of ecology, nature protection and nature management are analyzed. The experience of functioning of digital infrastructures in the field of environmental protection of the European Union countries is considered. Typical problems that arise during the development and implementation of appropriate digital solutions are studied. Peculiarities of functioning of geoinformation, communication systems in the field of environmental protection as separate components of digital infrastructures are determined. A new model of construction of information and communication infrastructure in the field of environmental protection, which operates on the principle of digital ecosystem, and substantiates its feasibility by developing new and joining existing digital environmental control mechanisms to a single information and communication infrastructure as its separate components. The ability of the mentioned infrastructure to scale on two levels, horizontal and vertical, is determined and characterized.Conclusions. Summarizing the above, it can be stated that the use of innovative approaches to technological support of environmental activities, in particular by digitizing the relevant mechanisms and combining them into a single information and communication infrastructure, provides additional benefits in terms of increasing the effectiveness of environmental measures and the effectiveness of decisions on ensuring the environmental security of the state.Based on the analysis of technological and regulatory aspects of the implementation of a single digital infrastructure in ecology and environmental protection erae, we believe that it is necessary to:1. To develop and adopt a new Concept for the development of the digital economy and society of Ukraine for 2021-2023, taking into account the relevant scientific and practical developments on the integrated application of digital technologies in the field of environmental protection;2. Reform the system of state supervision (control) in the field of environmental protection, taking into account the new opportunities provided by modern digital technologies to ensure environmental activities at the local and national levels.3. To amend the draft Law of Ukraine “On State Environmental Control” (under consideration in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine), which provides for the introduction of information and analytical system “Environmental Inspector”, in order to legislatively ensure the creation and operation of digital information and communication infrastructure in environmental protection. sphere.4. Create strong incentives for the implementation of developed technological innovations, promising in terms of not only environmental protection but also the economy (primarily aimed at ensuring environmental and economic effects);5. Introduce a system of state monitoring of environmental quality, similar to those operating in EU countries;6. Carry out a forecast assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken and develop appropriate solutions to ensure further environmentally sound development of the national economy.