Особенности размещения кладбищ в городах

Abstract

Cemeteries in the Russian Federation are special purpose green areas that affect human habitat and health and, according to legislation, must be separated by gaps of a specified width and structure from residential development, landscape and recreational areas and other areas. In many countries of the world, burial sites are traditionally covered to some extent by vegetation, which is preserved for many decades and is under state protection. Research on the placement and maintenance of cemeteries is quite relevant, as their number on the territories of large settlements, is large and increases every year, and their occupied areas to tens of hectares, features of the structure, are of interest to various sciences. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the location of cemeteries and the structure of their sanitary breaks in some cities of the world and Russia. As a method of research, it is proposed to use descriptions of remote sensing data in the form of special forms-tables on the sides of the world with the allocation of 10 types of elements – residential and administrative buildings, roads and railways, educational institutions and water bodies, car parks and other structures, areas occupied by plantations and bare soil. When studying the adjacent territories to cemeteries in the USA, Germany, France, Russia and other countries (more than 50 objects were studied in total, information about 8 is presented in the article), the predominance of roads of various coverage (from 10 to 59%) was noted, on Mount Olivet, Meudon and Saint Mary's are educational institutions. A considerable share is occupied by residential (marked within the boundaries of five out of eight cemeteries) and administrative buildings, which are present on the territory of sanitary gaps of all cemeteries. There is no special protective landscaping.