Abstract
The article presents the results of study of actual focal disease for the North Kazakhstan region – anthrax. The historically established livestock specialization and excessive concentration of livestock in a limited area (albeit short-term), the presence of favorable natural and landscape conditions for the preservation of the causative agent of anthrax infection (primarily the soil and climatic factor) led to the formation of numerous foci of this disease within the region. The questions of spatio-temporal manifestation and spread of anthrax infection on the territory of the region are considered. The retrospective analysis of the epizootic and epidemic processes of anthrax for 1938– 2022 was performed using archival, stock, and statistical materials. The study was carried out using GIS technologies, then a database, a series of electronic maps and a regional thematic geoinformation system “Anthrax in the North Kazakhstan region” were created. It has been determined that the greatest potential danger (epizootic and epidemic intensity) of anthrax manifestations is typical for the northern and central parts of the region. Within the boundaries of natural landscape units, the maximum risk of anthrax infection was recorded in the forest and steppe area and the valley of the river Ishim. Practical recommendations are proposed for improving measures aimed at preventing anthrax: annual full vaccination of farm animals, sanitary and epidemiological control over slaughtering points and the state of anthrax burials, establishing and maintaining a buffer zone when grazing livestock near stationary-unfavorable foci.
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