Abstract
The article examines the conceptual aspects of structural transformation of the economy. It is represented by the classification of social systems, which distinguishes three types of society: pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial. The characteristics of the types of society are given; the main features and types of economy inherent in each type of society are highlighted. It is noted that pre-industrial society is characterized by a traditional economy, in which economic entities are focused mainly on the production of goods for their own consumption, and economic relations and decisions are governed by tradition. The main type of capital of the traditional economy is a tool. The industrial economy is associated with the extraction and processing of raw materials, characterized by the creation of a technological method of production and mass production of material goods. The main type of capital is money capital. Post-industrial society is characterized by the development of intangible production and the growing role of resources such as knowledge and information. Therefore, the main type of capital is intellectual capital. The article states that an essential task of sustainable socio-economic development of Ukraine is the transition to an economy based on the productive use of new knowledge. The main features of the knowledge economy are knowledge that serves as a resource for the creation of goods and services; transition to new technologies, namely, electronic money transfer, trade via the Internet, etc.; dematerialization of the created product – reducing the share and significance of the material component of the product and increasing the value of the intelligence invested in it; changing the nature and structure of work – the ability to generate new ideas and create new technologies is a priority; the global scale of the new economy. The components of the knowledge economy are studied, namely, the knowledge-based economy; innovative economy; information economy, network economy, high-tech economy, creative economy. The most characteristic features of each are highlighted. It is substantiated that the knowledge economy adjusts the capital structure of the enterprise; intellectual capital becomes a priority in relation to physical capital.
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