Abstract
One of the most important instruments on a ship is the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, which is designed to determine the ship's position. But these receivers, working with open source, determine the location of the vessel with an accuracy of (10 ... 15) m. In some situations, much greater accuracy is required. For this purpose, there were created stations that operate in differential mode, with their help you can determine the location of the vessel with an accuracy of 2-4 meters. Transmission of differential corrections from the base station to the consumer can be carried out using radio communication, satellite communication systems (for example, INMARSAT), as well as using digital data transmission technology RDS (Radio Data System) on the frequencies of FM radio stations. Currently, many countries already have a developed network of base (differential) stations, constantly broadcasting corrections to a certain territory. For example, in the USA, differential corrections are transmitted by the Coast Guard through marine radio buoys operating at frequencies (283.5...325.0) kHz. This research article analyzesthe influence of reference stations on the accuracy of determining the location during navigation. By comparing the known coordinates (obtained as a result of precision geodetic surveying) with the coordinates measured by the receiver and the calculated ranges, the basic navigation receiver forms corrections that are transmitted to consumers via communication channels. Combining several differential stations into a single computer system allows you to perform operations on the transportation of oversized cargo in restricted conditions (rivers, canals, ports, etc.), conducting hydrographic work with great accuracy. For water transport, the precise positioning system has many applications: dredging, prevention and analysis of accidents during the navigation in restricted areas, control of mooring of ships. Accurate navigation systems are technologies of the future. Their application is one of the main trends in the development of modern science and industry. Keywords: Global Navigation Satellite System, reference stations, differential mode, GNSS receiver, accuracy.
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