Abstract
The paper proves the need to clarify the agroecological assessment of soils, taking into account the migration of substances, the non-exchange fixation of biophilic elements by the soil, the relationship between the properties of soils, the intensity and speed of soil-forming processes, and the manifestation of the law of decreasing fertility. It is shown that on well-cultivated sod-podzolic soils of the Moscow region, the losses of elements with high water and ground water averaged 19.3 and 6.9 kg/ha of N-NO3, 0.7 and 1.2 N-NH4 in the crop rotation. Losses with surface-runoff waters were: nitrogen-2.2 kg / ha, potassium-7.0; calcium-11.0; magnesium-6.0; phosphorus-0.9 kg / ha per year. When the Ca/K ratio in the soil solution of this soil was 0.44±0.03 and 2.7±0.1, the content of water – soluble iron was 57.9±7.4 and 5.3±0.7 mg/l, respectively; manganese-2.3±0.4 and 1.1±0.2 mg/l. It is shown that plants consume biophilic elements from different soil horizons, which must be taken into account in the balance of biophilic elements. It is shown that the optimal soil properties differ depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the territory, the combination of soil properties. It is proved that in order to choose the optimal crops for growing on certain soils, it is necessary to take into account the alienation of energy with the crop. Keywords: SOIL FERTILITY, FERTILIZERS, BALANCE, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
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