Abstract
The article analyzes the state and dynamics of soil fertility in Bashkiria and the prospects for its reproduction and maintenance. It is emphasized that despite the fact that soils are the main strategic non-renewable natural resource, currently there is an unacceptably low attention of both land users and government structures to their sustainable use. Soils degrade, humus and nutrient imbalances deteriorate, physical properties deteriorate, and as a result, unstable fertility with high fertility potential. The Republic's soil has been thoroughly studied, the main causes and extent of degradation have been identified, and technologies have been developed to prevent them and restore fertility, but they are not being fully implemented. Soils need real state protection through the revival of land service structures. Structural changes in land use and new innovative technologies to protect and maintain soil fertility are needed. An agroecological concept of land use and fertility reproduction is proposed. The concept is based on ecological optimization of the functioning of the agroecosystem, which provides for optimization of the structure (functional spatial), biogeochemical cycles, hydrological regimes in soils and landscapes, and biodiversity in the agroecosystem. Organizational and technological measures are proposed for its implementation.
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