기후변화 적응분야의 시민과학 활용 동향과 시사점

Abstract

Citizen science is a promising strategy for establishment of climate change adaptation policy in that it can effectively integrate community-based adaptation needs into policy. This study aims to suggest key consideration points by analyzing the world-wide representative citizen science projects so that citizen science can be well utilized when setting up adaptation policies. To select the representative projects, we searched Web of Science for papers including keywords ‘climate change adaptation,’ ‘citizen engagement,’ or ‘public participation’ in the title or abstract. We classified the papers by main topics of ‘climate monitoring,’ ‘stakeholder participation,’ ‘governance establishment,’ and ‘education-based awareness-raising.’ Four representative projects were chosen for each topic. The project ‘Cooperative Observer Program’ by the National Weather Service was chosen for ‘climate monitoring’ because it provided the longest-term data to predict climate change. The project ‘ClimMob’ by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research was selected for ‘stakeholder participation’ because of the active involvement of stakeholders. The project ‘Transforming Climate Knowledge with and for Society’ by the Research Council of Norway was an example of ‘governance establishment’ as the local community participated in the entire process from climate monitoring to policy evaluation. The project ‘Sandwatch’ by UNESCO was chosen in ‘education-based awareness-raising’ since the encouraged awareness had led the participating children to adapt spontaneously to climate change as adults. We conducted SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis of each project and drew implications based on the results. For citizen science to be applied properly to climate change adaptation policy setup, the project should involve stakeholders in all processes and include proper incentive for their contribution. Furthermore, to avoid misleading policy directions and wasting resources, it is necessary to operate selective citizen science projects appropriate for accomplishing the policy goal.