Жанрова природа літературних усмішок Остапа Вишні

Abstract

The article considers the genre features of Ostap Vyshnya’s works, which were included in his collection «Literary Vyshnya’s Smiles» (1927). Compositionally, it consists of two parts: actually smiles and literary cartoons dedicated to writ-ers (Mykola Khvylov, G. Kotsyuba, G. Kosynets, M. Ivchenko, J. Mamontov, A. Lyubchenko), and critics and literary critics V. Koryak, M. Zerov, Y. Mezhenko.In smiles, the writer raises in a humorous way the problems of contemporary literary life, in particular expresses his attitude to the diversity of literary organi-zations and styles («Plow», «Garth», panfuturists, symbolists, neoclassicists, re-alists), refl ects on literary skills, massism, extreme vulgar sociological criticism.The author avoids sharp sarcastic judgments, and in a friendly manner, as is typical of smiles, unfolds their plots, based on the comedy of words and situa-tions depicted in them. At the same time, Ostap Vyshnya does not hide his critical attitude to experimentation for the sake of experimentation, the primitivism of some works of his contemporaries, and the massism cultivated by organizations of proletarian and peasant writers.In literary cartoons, the writer skillfully reproduces the stylistic features of the authors, imitating their style of writing – impressionistic, romantic, etc., as well as skillfully parodies the themes of works (Nikolai Khvylovy – «Blue Etudes», «Ivan Ivanovich», G. Kotsyuba – «Son of the Earth», A. Lyubchenko – «Stormy Way», G. Kosynka – «Triangular Battle», J. Mamontov – «When the people are liberated»).Ostap Vyshnya was well acquainted not only with the work of contemporary writers, but also interested in critical reviews of their books. The result was the writing of literary reviews-parodies of critical products of such well-known mas-ters of the critical pen at the time, as V. Koryak («Shevchenko and the Canary», «She Died (End of Ukrainian Literature)», «Six and Six»), M. Zerov «Resurrected (The Beginning of Ukrainian Literature)», Yu. Mezhenko («Critical Notes»). At the same time, the genre experimentation of the humorist can be traced, who modifi es and fi lls smiles with a wide range of comic means – from play on words to depicting comic confl icts, stylization of contemporary literary-critical rhetoric. In fact, he creates «artistic» criticism in the genre of parody, cartoon, instant photography, sketch, feuilleton, etc., which are dominated by irony, a friendly smile, wit and laughter.