Abstract
The article centers around the life and social activities of Ali Khan Arshad od-Doule Sardar Arshad, prominent revolutionary of 1905–1911 in Iran. Dramatic details of Ali Khan’s private life show that Iranian society was not as bigoted and stagnated as it may seem today, but there were certain social elevators in it, and a person of rather humble origin could even marry the Shah’s daughter, provided there was love. Ali Khan’s socio-political status evolved from a supporter of the Constitutional Revolution to a staunch defender of Iranian absolutism, who laid down his head for Mohammed Ali-shah and his version of the good for his country. More broadly, the fate of Sardar Arshad illustrates another specific feature of the Iranian society, distinguished by extreme instability. A guarantee of security for members of the political elite lay in personal loyalty and family-clan ties. For Iranian politicians, these ties have always been stronger than their obligations to the party, or their ideological views. However, the Constitutional Revolution brought some new tidings, such as the extreme bitterness of the political confrontation. This happened because during the revolutionary events the number of revolutionaries formed the so-called “small nation”. For this “small nation” everyone who did not share their views was alien. A vivid example of this process was the public execution of the prominent Iranian religious authority Sheikh Nuri, prosecuted for his support of absolutism.
Highlights
The article centers around the life and social activities of Ali Khan Arshad od-Doule Sardar Arshad, prominent revolutionary of 1905–1911 in Iran
Ali Khan’s socio-political status evolved from a supporter of the Constitutional Revolution to a staunch defender of Iranian absolutism, who laid down his head for Mohammed Alishah and his version of the good for his country
The fate of Sardar Arshad illustrates another specific feature of the Iranian society, distinguished by extreme instability
Summary
Статья посвящена жизни и общественной деятельности одного из участников революции 1905–1911 гг. в Иране Али-хана Аршад од-Доуле Сардар Аршада. В Иране Али-хана Аршад од-Доуле Сардар Аршада. Общественно-политическая позиция Али-хана прошла эволюцию от сторонника Конституционной революции до стойкого защитника иранского абсолютизма, сложившего голову за Мохаммеда Али-шаха и за свое понимание блага для страны. В более широком плане судьба Сардар Аршада иллюстрирует и еще одну особенность иранского социума, отличавшегося крайней нестабильностью. Гарантией безопасности для представителей политической элиты являлась личная преданность и семейно-клановые связи. Такие связи для иранских политиков всегда были сильнее партийных и идеологических обязательств. Что привнесла с собой Конституционная революция, — это предельная ожесточенность политического противостояния. Н. «малый народ», для которого все, кто не разделял их взгляды, были «другими», ярким примером чего стала публичная казнь видного иранского религиозного авторитета шейха Нури за его поддержку абсолютизма. Ключевые слова: Иран, Конституционная революция 1905–1911 гг., Али-хан Аршад одДоуле Сардар Аршад, Малиджак, Эхтар од-Доуле, микроистория.
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