Three Major Movements in Political Parties’ Formation in Iran

Jaseb Nikfar

doi:10.5539/jpl.v9n1p97

Abstract

The political parties were formed in Iran following western countries, after the constitutional revolution and second parliament in 1909, and since then they have witnessed rise and falls. The analytical study and an accurate knowledge of the main movements forming the political parties of the last century that is essential for the development of a democratic society in Iranian society. Based on an analytical and accurate study, from the very beginning of political party formation to the present, three forces are distinguishable in Iranian Society and the partial activities during the past 100 years can be framed in three movements:<br /> The Religious Movement, the National Movement, and the Left Movement to be the major causes for political party formation in Iran in the last century. In this article, the author has tried to explain these major movements and political parties that emerged from these movements using the library sources.

Highlights

One of the most important political phenomena in politics and statesmanship is the political parties that serve as the highest platform of success, contestation and a symbol of public management in the ground of democracy in the power game and election campaigns compared to other strategies
Based on an analytical and accurate study, from the very beginning of political party formation to the present, three forces are distinguishable in Iranian Society and the partial activities during the past 100 years can be framed in three movements: The Religious Movement, the National Movement, and the Left Movement to be the major causes for political party formation in Iran in the last century
The group known as religious left wing that was called majma-e-rohanioon-e-mobarez since 1987 has gained majority votes in first, second and third parliament and till 1989 it gained judiciary and executive branches but they were excluded by failure in forth parliament election

Summary

Introduction

One of the most important political phenomena in politics and statesmanship is the political parties that serve as the highest platform of success, contestation and a symbol of public management in the ground of democracy in the power game and election campaigns compared to other strategies. People clearly saw and understood that implementing the economic plans without paying enough attention to the institutionalized political and social participation as well as ignoring people’s fundamental rights and irresponsive behavior of the government with the people set the ground to constitutionalize the institutional political and economic activities each of which possessed power beyond-the-law which led to economic and social scandals increased by unjust sharing and dividing of wealth among the involved people It went on until May 22, 1997 when people in another revolutionary presidential election which was a political reformation, cited for the legality mottoes of the government and its institutions, support for legal freedoms and establishing and expanding the partial activities. All the political parties and movements that have been formed in the past 100 years can be discussed in three general categories which is the main focus of this article

Defining ‘Party’ in Iran

History of Political Parties in Iran

The Second Period

Conclusion