Інтермедіальність ранньої прози Миколи Хвильового: «Синій листопад»

Abstract

The novella "Blue November" by the outstanding Ukrainian prose writer Mykola Khvylovy is examined from the point of view of the poetics of intermediality. Musical techniques were highlighted that were actualized at different levels of a literary work. In addition to the intermediality, the method of comparative analysis of the literary text was applied: the work of Khvylovy was analyzed in comparison with the literary symphonies of his predecessor, the Russian writer Andrei Bely. It has been determined that Khvylovy's novella contains a wide range of musical techniques, including variable repetition, a branched system of leitmotifs, and a counterpoint, thanks to which the reader has a feeling of simultaneity. Variable repetition performs the function of harmonizing the imaginary disorder of the events fragmentarily outlined in the novella, defining the emotional atmosphere of the work and giving the novella integrity and completeness. The analysis proves that the leading "musical" motif in the novella is blue November. It is the center of the lyrical plot, which unfolds in parallel with the events described in the work. A complex system of motifs is built around two oppositional semantic centers – “overmountain (zagornaya) commune” and “darkness”. This opposition determines the color scheme inherent in the work, characterized by the consistent opposition of blue and black colors in accordance with the method of contrast that is common in romanticism. The appeal of Andrey Bely and Mykola Khvylovy to musical techniques is explained by the closeness of their artistic methods and worldview positions based on the romantic idea of the existence of two worlds – the profane one and the sacred one. This idea, in turn, corresponds to the epic and lyrical ("musical") plots, correlating with each other. Among the counterpoint techniques in the novella, the following were highlighted: firstly, a separate exposition of two leitmotifs with their subsequent combination; secondly, accession; thirdly, cross structures, characteristic of a vertically movable counterpoint. It is concluded that variable repetition, a system of leitmotifs and counterpoint technique perform plot-generating and forming functions in Khvylovy's work, and the incorporation of musical techniques into a literary text allows us to assert that the writer has created a new genre modification of the novella.