МУЗИЧНА ПЕДАГОГІКА В УКРАЇНІ: ЗУСТРІЧІ В ІСТОРІЇ

Abstract

The article describes main features of human civilization as metahistory, substantiates a view on the history of music pedagogy in Ukraine as metahistory, the contents of which is constant values, spiritual constants of the humanity, and also synchronous section of history, including such things as coincidence, similarity of certain “spiritual epochs”, meetings in history. An example of such “synchronous” dramaturgy in the history of the Ukrainian music education is seen in M. Dyletskyi’s creative activity and pedagogical legacy. In musical thinking this personality was ahead of representatives of Western European polyphonic school, and came very close to the theory of temperatio, so well presented in Bach’s art. Supporting Kyiv concept of education at Slavonic, Latin and Greek schools, which involved a combination of eastern and western elements of education, national and European cultural and educational traditions, M. Dyletskyi formulated the aesthetic principles of choral art, revealed progressive pedagogical ideas. Age of Baroque and Enlightenment was the epoch of Great Travelers and symbolic meetings. In search of truth and artistic ideal philosophers, artists, musicians traveled in Europe. Various meetings took place — real and unreal, sometimes at an interval of a century, but they determined “symbolic insight into the future”. An important meeting took place at the end of the 18th century in Vienna. The Ukrainians met a famous countryman, composer D. Bortnyanskyi. Since then, composer’s music became a model of his proficiency, the embodiment of the Ukrainians’ spiritual outlook. He was called “the Ukrainian Mozart”, “Our Palestrina”, and he became a kind of a “bridge” between the European polyphonists and “classicists”, and also composers–romanticists, who also were influenced by his works. Age of Baroque and classicism, “Golden Age” in the Ukrainian music culture has acquired the status of “epic time” aimed at eternity, when a relatively short period of time defined the future way for historical development. The presence of such parallels and “meetings in history”, actualizing the past at the request of the future, defines metahistorical nature of history of music education in Ukraine.