АНАЛІЗ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ СКЛАДОВОЇ ЛЮДСЬКОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

The main indicators of the labor market functioning are analyzed in the article, through which the socioeconomic component of human potential is characterized. Number of general scientific and special research methods were used during the research: the method of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, graphic-analytical method, system analysis. The author considered the following criteria: population dynamics, unemployment rate (total, by sex, by age group and by region), gender gap in unemployment, part of young people who do not work, do not study and do not acquire professional skills (NEET generation), level employment (overall, by sex, by age groups and regions), gender gap in employment, part of self-employed and employed in the informal economy sector. On the basis of the research carried out by the author, it was found that the labor market of Ukraine is characterized by a demographic decline, which is also predicted during the next decades, a decrease in the number of economically active population; the dynamics of the level of unemployment in Ukraine is multidirectional, which in recent years was a consequence of the atypical nature of the COVID-19 pandemic; in the age structure of unemployment in Ukraine, there is a significant predominance of persons aged 15-24; in the gender structure of unemployment up to and including 2020, a significant male predominance was observed; the gender gap in unemployment is decreasing; part of young people aged 15-24 who do not work, do not study and do not acquire professional skills decreases at a slight rate; since 2019, the employment rate has a steady downward trend in all age groups, except for 50-59 years; the gender structure of employment shows a significant male predominance; the gender gap in employment is quite large; part of self-employed and employed in the informal sector of the economy has remained almost unchanged in recent years. Since 2018, the number of vacancies on the labor market has tended to decrease, while the number of unemployed has tended to increase. Based on the analysis of these indicators, were determined the global problems of the labor market and the formation of the socio-economic component of the Ukraine’s human potential.