АНАЛІЗ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ СКЛАДОВОЇ ЛЮДСЬКОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ

Abstract

The article analyzes the main indicators of the functioning of the European Union's labor market, which characterize the socio-economic component of the EU's human potential. The study was conducted using such general scientific and special research methods as the method of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, graphical and analytical method, and system analysis. The socio-economic component of the human potential of the European Union was considered through the following criteria: population dynamics, number of unemployed and unemployment rate (total and by gender), gender gap in unemployment, share of young people who do not work, study or acquire professional skills (NEET generation), employment rate (total, by gender and by age group), gender gap in employment, share of self-employed, temporarily employed and part-time workers. The analysis of these indicators made it possible to outline the state and trends in the development of the labor market and the socio-economic component of the human potential of the European Union. Based on the study, it was found that the labor market of the EU countries is slowly demonstrating positive dynamics of development and the following trends: a gradual decrease in the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed since 2013; excess of the unemployment rate of women over the unemployment rate of men – the gender gap in unemployment has hardly changed in recent years and remained at the level of 0.7 percentage points; a slight decrease in the share of young people who are not working, studying or acquiring professional skills; an increase in the employment rate; reduction of the gender gap in employment, albeit at a slower pace in recent years; changes in the structure of the EU labor market, namely an increase in the share of employed persons aged 55-64 and a decrease in the share of employed persons aged 15-24, a larger gender gap in employment in older age groups, an increase in the number and share of persons with higher secondary and higher education among those employed aged 20-64; a decrease in the share of part-time, temporary, and self-employed workers in the pre-pandemic period, and an increase in part-time and selfemployment during the pandemic in 2020-2021.